Parainfluenza Virus Infection Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children and Adults Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in South Africa, 2009–2014

Cohen, Adam L.; Sahr, Philip K.; Treurnicht, Florette; Walaza, Sibongile; Groome, Michelle J.; Kahn, Kathleen; Dawood, Halima; Variava, Ebrahim; Tempia, Stefano; Pretorius, Marthi; Moyes, Jocelyn; Olorunju, Steven A. S.; Malope-Kgokong, Babatyi; Kuonza, Lazarus; Wolter, Nicole; von Gottberg, Anne; Madhi, Shabir A.; Venter, Marietjie; Cohen, Cheryl

When we compared epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the 3 PIV types, we found statistically significant differences in age, year of infection, and coinfection with other respiratory viruses (Supplementary Table 1 ). On multivariable multinomial analysis, patients with PIV type 3 infection were more likely to be <1 year of age and patients with PIV type 2 infection were more likely to be 5-44 years of age, compared with patients with other PIV types. Compared with SARI patients with PIV type 3 infection, patients with either type 1 or 2 infection were more likely to be coinfected with RSV (for type 1, aOR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.3-3.7; for type 2, aOR 3.3, 95% CI, 1.9-5.7). In addition, patients with PIV type 2 infection were more likely to be coinfected with rhinovirus (aOR 2.0, 95% CI, 1.3-2.8) or enterovirus (aOR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5-4.4) than patients with type 3 infection.