Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pochonin D, a Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor, against Rhinovirus Infection

Song, Jae-Hyoung; Shim, Aeri; Kim, Yeon-Jeong; Ahn, Jae-Hee; Kwon, Bo-Eun; Pham, Thuy Trang; Lee, Jongkook; Chang, Sun-Young; Ko, Hyun-Jeong

To assess and verify the in vivo antiviral activity of pochonin D against HRV1B, we first determined the pathological phenotype of mice after intranasal HRV1B infection. BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with 1×10 8 pfu/30 μl of HRV1B. Mice were killed at 8 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days after virus inoculation, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including CCL2, CXCL1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, and virus titers in the lungs were assessed. Mice infected with HRV1B produced significantly higher levels of CCL2, CXCL1, IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 (Supplementary Fig. 2A-2E) with elevated virus titers ( Supplementary Fig. 2F ) at 8 h and 1 day after infection than the uninfected control mice. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and virus titers peaked at 8 h after infection, and were reduced by day 5 to those observed in uninfected mice as reported previously (Bartlett et al., 2008) . We therefore decided to monitor the lung cytokine levels and virus titers at 8 h after HRV1B infection for evaluating the antiviral activity of pochonin D in mice.