Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pochonin D, a Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor, against Rhinovirus Infection

Song, Jae-Hyoung; Shim, Aeri; Kim, Yeon-Jeong; Ahn, Jae-Hee; Kwon, Bo-Eun; Pham, Thuy Trang; Lee, Jongkook; Chang, Sun-Young; Ko, Hyun-Jeong

Hsp90 inhibitors are known to have broad-spectrum anti-cancer effects via blocking diverse pathways in cancer cells, and they also inhibit the growth and survival of cancer stem cells (Li et al., 2009) . In addition, a recent study has shown that Hsp90 is practically required for viral protein homeostasis and is critical for viral replication, folding, and assembly (Nagy et al., 2011) . Hsp90 has been shown to play an important role in the replication of various viruses including DNA and RNA viruses, with both positive-and negative-sense genomes, and also double-stranded RNA viruses, suggesting that Hsp90 inhibitors may have broad-spectrum antiviral effects (Geller et al., 2012) . In this regard, several Hsp90 inhibitors have been studied for the development of antivirals, in vitro, against influenza, SARS-CoV, HCV, HIV (Li et al., 2004) , and herpes viruses (HSV1/2, CMV, VZV) (Sun et al., 2013) , as well as against picornaviruses including poliovirus, coxsackievirus, and rhinovirus (Geller et al., 2012) . Hsp90 inhibitors are very attractive antiviral agents for infections lacking antiviral therapies and for an urgent response to the outbreak of novel viral diseases. In addition, application of Hsp90 inhibitors to several animal models of infectious diseases was demonstrated to decrease viral replication in case of Poliovirus and HCV infections (Geller et al., 2007; Nakagawa et al., 2007) . These experiments emphasize the possibility of using these inhibitors as human therapeutic agents.