Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pochonin D, a Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor, against Rhinovirus Infection

Song, Jae-Hyoung; Shim, Aeri; Kim, Yeon-Jeong; Ahn, Jae-Hee; Kwon, Bo-Eun; Pham, Thuy Trang; Lee, Jongkook; Chang, Sun-Young; Ko, Hyun-Jeong

Human rhinoviruses cause common cold in humans, and can sometimes accelerate airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis (Zaheer et al., 2014) . As an important human respiratory virus, HRV is a non-enveloped positive-sense single-strand RNA virus involved in 50-80% of upper respiratory tract infections and has also been associated with lower respiratory tract disease in high-risk populations, for example in patients with asthma or other airway inflammations (Gern and Busse, 1999) . Generally, symptoms of rhinovirus in mice are not severe. However, our present data showed that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in the lung and BALF of mice were increased upon intranasal HRV1B infection, which is reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma during long-term infection (Liebhart et al., 2002; Jartti and Korppi, 2011; Rincon and Irvin, 2012) .