2016 ACVIM Forum Research Abstract Program

The results suggest that disease with ECoV and Salmonella share clinical features and should be included together on a differential list for fever and neutropenia. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether there is an unknown pathogen as the cause of the fever and leukopenia in the group without a diagnosis. cells, glial cells, and astrocytes and this was performed on 12/14 EPM cases that had SN+ and adjacent SN-tissue formalin fixed tissue (FFPE) blocks. Eleven normal control horses were used and sections were location matched to lesion sections. All sections were compared for significant differences by ANOVA (P < 0.05). The number of CD3 + T cells and microglia/macrophage cells of SN+ tissues were significantly increased compared with its adjacent section and the sections from the normal horses. Although present in extremely limited numbers (< 10 cells per site), macrophage only staining cells had statistically higher cell counts in affected horses compared to normal horses. Because CD3 + cells were the most numerous, differentiation of CD4 + and CD8 + cells was attempted using IHC by several markers, none of which worked on FFPE sections. CD4 + and CD8 + relative expression was investigated by quantitative PCR and the most significant change was that of CD4 + cell marker expression at 144.6 fold (log 2 ) over controls. The fold change of CD8 + between the lesion group and the normal group was 10.8. In conclusion, the presence of SN was only present within inflammatory nodules and the presence of parasite burden was associated with the presence of CD3 + CD4 + T cell markers compared to that of CD8 + T cells. Based on the presence of inflammatory markers, the presence of SN was not detected outside of aggregates of either resident or infiltrating inflammatory cells. The objectives of this study were to establish reference ranges for normal pleural thickness measurements in healthy adult horses and to compare measurements between horses < 15 years of age (YOUNG) and ≥ 15 years of age (OLD). Pleural thickness is assessed as part of a complete thoracic ultrasonographic examination but no normal measurements have previously been reported. We hypothesized that measurements of pleural thickness would be < 2 mm.