Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection

Draz, Mohamed Shehata; Shafiee, Hadi

The family Hepeviridae is monogeneric with one exclusive member called HEV, which is a spherical, small, nonenveloped RNA virus with a ~7.2 kb ssRNA genome [150] . The viral RNA is a positive-sense molecule organized into 3 partially overlapping ORFs flanked by short untranslated regions at both ends. The first ORF encodes 4 mature nonstructural proteins (methyltransferase, protease, helicase and replicase), the second ORF encodes 2 structural proteins (C and VP1), and the third ORF encodes a small protein of unknown function [150] . HEV is known for causing human liver inflammation Figure 10 . AuNP-based nucleic acid assay for hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection. HBV DNA was detected using a scanometric detection that integrates magnetic separation and AuNPs-based Bio-barcode-amplification method. AuNPs provide a large surface area for silver deposition and DNA immobilization, thereby achieving highly sensitive scanometric detection signals through a chip-based silver deposition scheme [85] .