Selected article for: "alternative pathway and bypass pathway"
Author: Avirutnan, Panisadee; Hauhart, Richard E.; Marovich, Mary A.; Garred, Peter; Atkinson, John P.; Diamond, Michael S.
Title: Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Dengue Virus Requires Mannose-Binding Lectin
  • Document date: 2011_12_13
    • ID: 1x3n5job_3
    Snippet: Activation of the complement system occurs via three convergent pathways referred to as the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. The classical pathway activity is triggered by C1q binding to antigen-antibody complexes on the surfaces of pathogens. The lectin pathway is initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolin recognition of carbohydrate structures on the surfaces of microbes or apoptotic cells. Binding of MBL (or ficolins) act.....
    Document: Activation of the complement system occurs via three convergent pathways referred to as the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. The classical pathway activity is triggered by C1q binding to antigen-antibody complexes on the surfaces of pathogens. The lectin pathway is initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolin recognition of carbohydrate structures on the surfaces of microbes or apoptotic cells. Binding of MBL (or ficolins) activates MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). While three MASP proteins have been identified (i.e., MASP-1, -2, and -3), MASP-2 is responsible for cleavage of C4 and C2 to form the C3 convertase C4bC2a (10) . MBL has also been shown to induce C3 activation independently of C4 and C2 (the C4 and C2 bypass pathway) (11) (12) (13) . The alternative pathway is constitutively active at low levels through the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3 and also serves to amplify activation of the classical and lectin pathways. The binding of C3b back to the C3 convertases of the classical and alternative pathways generates the C5 convertases. These enzymes cleave C5 to generate the anaphylatoxin C5a and C5b, which promotes assembly of C5b-9 membrane attack (lytic) complex.

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